Objective　To discuss the efficacy and safety of estradiol in relieving the posterior vitreous detachment（PVD）.　Methods　Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (control), group B (balance salt solution, 2 μL), group C (plasmin，3 μg/2 μL) and group D (plasmin 3 μg + estradiol 10-6 mol/L, 2 μL), with 12 rats in each group. The eyeballs were selected 7 days after intravitreal injection, flash electroretinography (F-ERG)、pathological section、immunofluorescence staining and western blot were used to observe and evaluate morphologic and functional change of the retina，the effect of PVD and  the expression of opticin protein in vitreous body and retina among the groups.　Results　The morphology of retina in each group was complete. F-ERG showed no toxicity changes in any group. No PVD was found in group A and group B. All the eyes were induced complete PVD in group C. The partial PVD were observed in eight eyes of group D, PVD was not found in the rest four of the eyes in group D. The expression of opticin protein was the lowest in group C, and higher in group D compared with group C, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 　Conclusion　Estradiol injection in the vitreous cavity has the capacity of restoration in rat’s posterior vitreous detachment.