Objective　To explore the application and clinical significance of colour 3D printing technology in percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy (PCNL).　Methods　Sixteen renal calculi patients with colour 3D printing were selected randomly as group A. Reverse engineering and color 3D printing were used to reconstruct and produce 1:1 colour 3D models of kidneys, renal vascular and renal calculi. 23 cases of traditional PCNL were selected as B group. The surgical duration, the amount of bleeding, hospitalization length, the complications and the clearance rate of the two groups were observed and compared. The surgeons filled in the model to evaluate the questionnaire, and the patients filled in the questionnaire and scored.   Results　The patients' color 3D stone models were successfully printed. There was no significant difference in age, stone size and casting stone volume between the two groups. The puncture depth of preoperative estimation and actual operative depth of the two groups were as follow: group A (6.5±0.8)cm vs (6.8±1.1)cm (P>0.05); group B:( 6.5±1.5)cm vs (7.6±1.8)cm (P<0.05). The scores of the two groups of physicians were (8.4±0.4), (6.5±0.5) (P<0.05) respectively, and the patients' scores were (9±0.7), (7.2±0.6) (P<0.05). The comparison of the two groups for stone clearance rate, the surgical duration, haemorrhage, hospitalization length, the number of complications were: 81.25% vs 73.91% (P<0.05), (52.27±9.64)min vs (67.39±10.81)min (P<0.05), (55.49±18.16)mL vs (92.92±22.17)mL (P<0.05), (6.48±1.51)d vs (7.32±1.43)d (P>0.05), 1 case vs 3 cases (P<0.05). Those results suggested that the punctures and depth of puncture predicted by the color 3D lithiasis model were basically consistent with the actual operation, with less bleeding, shorter surgical duration and less complications. The surgeons were satisfied with the color 3D printing lithiasis model, and the patients were satisfied with preoperation talk.   Conclusion　Colour 3D printing technology enables urologists to accurately and intuitively understand the status of kidney stones before operation, guides the development of surgical plans and simulates surgical operations. The doctors gain higher accuracy and safety than traditional surgery. Using the colour 3D printed stone model to explain the condition and preoperative conversation can improve the patients' sunderstanding of kidney stones and surgical complications, and help to build a good doctor-patient relationship.