Objective　To study the neurovascular relation of the abducent nerve in pons’ segments and its surrounding vessels, providing for more information for clinic medicine and the domestic study of abducent nerve.　Methods　The abducent nerve’s vascular passage and the relation between its surrounding vessels and itself were observed and measured along with the segments in abducent nerve and other correlative data by dissecting 23 heads injected with red latex.　Results　Anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), labyrinthine artery, pontine artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery were included in the surrounding vessels of the pons’ segments. 16 specimens of the heads turned out to be duplicated abducent nerve carriers. The abducent nerve contacted with AICI in the most of specimens ( 47.8% touching, 13.8% pressing) and the heaviest press for it came from vertebral artery. Pontine artery was the biggest nutrition provider for the segments in the abducent nerve (41.3%) followed by AICA (26.1%). The duplicated abducent nerve had been observed in sixteen specimens(34.8%).　Conclusions　The neurovascular relation between the cistemal segment of abducent nerve and its surrounding vessels is intricate, which is likely to cause the contact between vessels and abducent nerves or compression of the vessels over the nerves. This study may help to solve the problem when faced with abducent nerve palsy patients with unknown causes.