Objective   To apply the visualized anatomical basis for the design and clinical application of the reversed peroneal musclo-cutaneous flap.   Methods   20 fresh lower extremity specimens were used with arteries injected with red latex. The musculus peroneus brevis and longus were dissected and the originations, courses, branches and the distributions of the peroneal arteries were studied; Another 2 fresh lower extremity specimens with the arteries injected with plumbous oxide and latex were CT scanned and the bones and arteries were 3D-reconstructed and studied.  Results  The diameter of the originate peroneal artery was (3.7±0.7) mm, the artery gave off many muscular branches to the soleus muscle, long flexor muscle of great toe, musculus peroneus brevis and longus and the skin. The pedicle of the perforator arteries from the peroneal artery was (3.5±1.3) cm. The last part of the peroneal artery with the diameter of (1.2±0.4) mm, passed through the interosseous membrane of the leg and branched into the ascending and descending branches. Upside of the belly of the musculus peroneus brevis, the superficial peroneal artery, which came from the anterior tibial artery and with the diameter of (1.8±0.5)mm, ran forward and passed through the interosseous membrane and laid between the musculus peroneus longus and the anterior muscles of the leg.   Conclusions   The reversed musculus peroneus brevis and longus musculo-cutaneous flap pedicled with the cutaneous arteries and the end arteries of the middle and lower part of the leg can be designed and be used to repair the defect of the foot and the lower leg.